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News Archive - Biological Sciences

Supercomputer Simulations Reveal New “Achilles heel” in Dengue Virus

April 30, 2018

By stretching the amount of time proteins can be simulated in their natural state of wiggling and gyrating, a team of researchers at Colorado State University -- using supercomputers at the San Diego Supercomputer Center at UC San Diego and the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center -- has identified a critical protein structure that could serve as a molecular Achilles heel able to inhibit the replication of dengue virus and potentially other flaviviruses such as West Nile and Zika virus.

Brain Activity Linked to Stress Changes Chemical Codes

April 24, 2018

UC San Diego scientists have identified light-induced electrical activity as the brain mechanism controlling chemical code switching related to stress. While investigating neurotransmitter switching in rats, the researchers found that specific brain neurons were responsible, with possible implications for chemical imbalances in the brain underlying mental illness.

Three UC San Diego Professors Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

April 23, 2018

The American Academy of Arts and Sciences, one of the country’s most esteemed honorary societies and independent policy research centers, has elected three professors of the University of California San Diego as new members.

Researchers Develop First Gene Drive Targeting Worldwide Crop Pest

April 17, 2018

UC San Diego biologists have created the world’s first gene drive system—a mechanism for manipulating genetic inheritance—in Drosophila suzukii, an agricultural pest that has invaded much of the United States and caused millions of dollars in damage to high-value berry and other fruit crops.

Virus Found to Adapt through Newly Discovered Path of Evolution

March 29, 2018

Biologists have discovered evidence for a new path of evolution, and with it a deeper understanding of how quickly organisms such as viruses can adapt to their environment. Publishing in the journal Science, the researchers say their findings, which address longstanding mysteries of how genes acquire new functions and how mutations arise to ease transmission from one host to another, could be applied to investigations of viral diseases such as Zika, Ebola and bird flu.

Scientists Construct Google-Earth-like Atlas of the Human Brain

March 8, 2018

Two neuroscientists have produced a new kind of atlas of the human brain that, they hope, can be eventually refined and improved to provide more detailed information about the organization and function of the human brain.

Gastrointestinal Hormone Measurably Improved Symptoms of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

March 8, 2018

Through a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II clinical trial, researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine report that small doses of NGM282, a non-tumorigenic variant of an endocrine gastrointestinal hormone, can significantly and rapidly decrease liver fat content in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The findings, they say, represent an important proof-of-concept for the compound as there are currently no Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments for NAFLD and NASH.

How a Yeast Cell Helps Crack Open the “Black Box” Behind Artificial Intelligence

March 5, 2018

UC San Diego School of Medicine researchers developed a visible neural network and used it to build DCell, a virtual model of a functioning brewer’s yeast cell. To do this, they amassed all knowledge of cell biology in one place and created a hierarchy of these cellular components. Then they mapped standard machine learning algorithms to this knowledgebase. DCell can be viewed at d-cell.ucsd.edu. The technical details are published March 5 in Nature Methods.

Artificial Intelligence Quickly and Accurately Diagnoses Eye Diseases and Pneumonia

February 22, 2018

Using artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques, researchers at Shiley Eye Institute at UC San Diego Health and University of California San Diego School of Medicine, with colleagues in China, Germany and Texas, have developed a new computational tool to screen patients with common but blinding retinal diseases, potentially speeding diagnoses and treatment.

Surprise Finding Points to DNA’s Role in Shaping Cells

February 8, 2018

Working at the intersection of biology and physics, scientists at UC San Diego have made a surprising discovery at the root of cell formation. They found that DNA executes an unexpected architectural role in shaping the cells of bacteria. Studying the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, the researchers used an array of experiments and technologies to reveal that DNA, beyond serving to encode genetic information, also “pumps up” bacterial cells.
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